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 * Slippery Slope:**
 * [] **


 * You Too:** Also known as "tu quoque"; When one uses the thought process "If you did/didn't do it then I can/shouldn't do it too/either" ( and vice versa). Ex: " You didn't do Mr.O'Neill's fallacies assignment so I shouldn't do it either."

**Appeal to Ignorance:** Nobody really knows for sure. Therefore, I am right.

**Appeal to Force** - This is where violence or threats of violence are used to justify a conclusion.

"The clinching proof of my reasoning is that I will cut anyone who argues further into dogmeat." -- Attributed to Sir Geoffery de Tourneville, ca 1350 A.D.

http://www.don-lindsay-archive.org/skeptic/arguments.html#force

Irrelevant conclusion: leading off into a subject to change the point of focus off your argument.

"Might I say this is the best AP Language & Composition class Triton has ever seen because Mr. O'Neill is so superior in his teaching expertise. By the way, I should probably get an A for the year..."
 * Appeal to Flattery:**

I like this one: **"Appeal to Pity"** Where you try to evoke pity from the audience.

example: (Taken somewhere from the internet) Professor: "You missed the midterm, Bill." Bill: "I know. I think you should let me take the makeup." Professor: "Why?" Bill: "I was hit by a truck on the way to the midterm. Since I had to go to the emergency room with a broken leg, I think I am entitled to a makeup." Professor: "I'm sorry about the leg, Bill. Of course you can make it up."

Ahahahahah...broken leg? No excuse.

**Begging The Question:** Circular reasoning is the best fallacy and is capable of proving anything. Since it can prove anything, it can obviously prove the above statement. Since it can prove the first statement, it must be true. Therefore, circular reasoning is the best fallacy and is capable of proving anything.

**Appeal To Majority:** Most people think that this fallacy is the best, so clearly it is

http://blog.geekpress.com/2006/09/excellent-list-of-logical-fallaciesad.html

Ant Cram **Missing the point** Definition: The premises of an argument do support a particular conclusion—but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws.

<span style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px;">Example: "The seriousness of a punishment should match the seriousness of the crime. Right now, the punishment for drunk driving may simply be a fine. But drunk driving is a very serious crime that can kill innocent people. So the death penalty should be the punishment for drunk driving." The argument actually supports several conclusions—"The punishment for drunk driving should be very serious," in particular—but it doesn't support the claim that the death penalty, specifically, is warranted.

Definition: Disproving a claim based solely on its association with others, particularly disreputable people.
 * Guilt by Association** (Bad Company Fallacy)

=
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The most telling moment in last night's [State of the Union<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">] speech came after the president noted that "key provisions of the Patriot Act are set to expire next year." In response, notes the New York Times, "some critics in Congress applauded enthusiastically." If Osama bin Laden watched the speech, one imagines him applauding too. ======

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Source: James Taranto, [|"The al Qaeda Cheering Section"], Best of the Web Today, 1/21/2004
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|http://www.fallacyfiles.org/guiltbya.html#Analysis]

Straw man- an informal fallacy based on misrepresentation of an opponet's position.
Example : Prof. Jones: "<span class="IL_AD">__ The university __ just cut our yearly budget by $10,000." Prof. Smith: "What are we going to do?" Prof. Brown: "I think we should eliminate one of the <span class="IL_AD">__ teaching __ assistant positions. That would take care of it." Prof. Jones: "We could reduce our scheduled raises instead." Prof. Brown: " I can't understand why you want to bleed us dry like that, Jones." Like anyone in real life would ever say that hahaha.

Example: Many banks are robbed each year. Therefore the bank you use will be robbed. Information at: [] Example: Made up by me -Alexa C
 * Appeal to Probability:** says that because something might happen it is definitely going to happen.

Denial of the antecedent
If A implies B, and if A is false, B is therefore false. example: If you have a PhD in psychology, you must be pretty knowledgeable in the field. Therefore, if you don’t have the PhD, you must be abysmally ignorant of psychology.

A person's knowledge in a subject does not necessarily depend on a whether or not they have a PhD. []

Ashley Matousek Your logical fallacies aren't logical fallacies at all because Einstein said so. Einstein also said that this one is better.
 * Appeal To False Authority:**

You know who else preferred those other logical fallacies? []
 * Guilt By Association:**
 * (insert pictures of Hitler, Stalin, and Pol Pot here)*

Jaimin Patel **Stolen Concept:** using what you are trying to disprove. That is, requiring the truth of something for your proof that it is false.

- For example, using science to show that science is wrong. Or, arguing that you do not exist, when your existence is clearly required for you to be making the argument.

[|http://www.don-lindsay-archive.org/skeptic/arguments.html#stolen]

ZackDagenais
 * Perfect Solution Fallacy** = Assumes that a perfect solution is possible, and that all solutions that don't solve the problem completely are wrong.

-Example: Seat belts are bad, because people are still going to die in car accidents.

**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Example: ** For years, people have been trying to prove that when you die, you go either to Heaven or Hell, yet no one has been able to prove it so neither place exists.[]
 * Appeal to Ignorance... Definition**: The arguer basically says, you don't have any evidence on the issue so my conclusion is correct and you should except it.

=
The appeal to wealth fallacy is committed by any argument that assumes that someone or something is better simply because they are wealthier or more expensive. It is the opposite of the appeal to poverty. =====

(1) Warren is richer than Wayne. Therefore: (2) Warren will make a better dinner-guest than Wayne.

 * Brooke Logan: **


 * Genetic Fallacy- **The idea that something is not a good product because of where it came from. []

Example: (1) That car can't be any good it comes from Japan. (2) I don't want to buy a house in the south because my neighbors will be hillbilly's who have cars on their front lawn and are always drunk.


 * Appeal to Spite**
 * definition:** a fallacy in which spite is substituted for evidence when an "argument" is made against a claim

Bill: "I think that Jane did a great job this year. I'm going to nominate her for the award." Dave: "Have you forgotten last year? Remember that she didn't nominate you last year." Bill: "You're right. I'm not going to nominate her." []
 * Alexa Reiss**

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__pattern of reasoning__: <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. Either claim X is true or claim Y is true. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. Claim Y is false. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. Therefore, claim X is true. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Either 10*9=27 or 13*7=28. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is not the case that 10*9=27. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Therefore, 13*7=28. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Source
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">False Dilemma (Black & White Thinking)- **
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This //is// fallacious because both claims could be false, so it can not be assumed that one is true because the other one is false.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This //is not// fallacious when the two options are, in fact, the only two options.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Example: **

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Hasty Generalization**- a conclusion drawn about an entire group based on one peculiar piece of it; the opposite of a sweeping generalization <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Examples: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- I know an elderly woman who is obsessed with cats, therefore all elderly women are crazy cat ladies <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- My brother is a teenage boy who enjoys programming robots, therefore all teenage boys enjoy programming robots <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">http://www.logicalfallacies.info/presumption/hasty-generalisation/ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Lily Fullerton

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Bill Barkasy <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Irrelevant conclusion <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- <span style="font-family: 'times new roman',serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">the fallacy of the [|irrelevant conclusion] tries to establish the truth of a proposition by offering an argument that actually provides support for an entirely different conclusion.

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman',serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Gianna Cacio <span style="font-family: 'times new roman',serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Personal Attack

-A personal attack is committed when a person substitutes abusive remarks for evidence when attacking another person's claim or claims. This line of "reasoning" is fallacious because the attack is directed at the person making the claim and not the claim itself. The truth <span class="IL_AD">__ value __ of a claim is independent of the person making the claim. After all, no matter how repugnant an individual might be, he or she can still make true claims. Example:

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman',serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">In a school debate, Bill claims that the President's economic plan is unrealistic. His opponent, a professor, retorts by saying "the <span class="IL_AD">__ freshman __ has his facts wrong."

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman',serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Bandwagon Fallacy
> Therefore: > (2) Eastern religions help us to get in touch with our true inner being. This argument commits the bandwagon fallacy because it appeals to the mere fact that an idea is fashionable as evidence that the idea is true. Mere trends in thought are not reliable guides to truth, though; the fact that Eastern religions are becoming more fashionable does not imply that they are true. Taken from http://www.logicalfallacies.info/relevance/bandwagon/ -Julia Borodziuk
 * The bandwagon fallacy is committed by arguments that appeal to the growing popularity of an idea as a reason for accepting it as true. They take the mere fact that an idea suddenly attracting adherents as a reason for us to join in with the trend and become adherents of the idea ourselves.
 * Example: (1) Increasingly, people are coming to believe that Eastern religions help us to get in touch with our true inner being.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Psychogenetic Fallacy**: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">-if you learn the psychological reason why your opponent likes an argument, then he's biased, so his argument must be wrong. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Example: “How do I know the Bible is true? Because God wrote the Bible. How do I know God wrote the Bible? Because it says so in it, and it’s true.” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sources: - http://www.don-lindsay-archive.org/skeptic/arguments.html#psycho <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">- http://www.jaredbhobbs.com/common-fallacies-of-philosophical-debate/

-**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">ericaschules **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Biased Sample:** This fallacy is committed when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is biased or prejudiced in some manner. Example- Large scale polls were taken in Florida, California, and Maine and it was found that an average of 55% of those polled spent at least fourteen days a year near the ocean. So, it can be safely concluded that 55% of all Americans spend at least fourteen days near the ocean each year. [|source] -Brenna Lewis--

>> "Albert Einstein was extremely impressed with this theory." (But a statement made by someone long-dead could be out of date. Or perhaps Einstein was just being polite. Or perhaps he made his statement in some specific context. And so on.) To justify an appeal, the arguer should at least present an exact quote. It's more convincing if the quote contains context, and if the arguer can say where the quote comes from. >> A variation is to appeal to [|unnamed authorities]. >> There was a New Yorker cartoon, showing a doctor and patient. The doctor was saying: "Conventional medicine has no treatment for your condition. Luckily for you, I'm a quack." So the joke was that the doctor boasted of his //lack// of authority. >
 * **Appeal To Authority:**

Example:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: small;"> "I think there is great merit in making the requirements stricter for the graduate students. I recommend that you support it, too. After all, we are in a budget crisis and we do not want our salaries affected."
 * "Red Herring" Fallacy**: the idea of a Red Herring is to "win" an argument by drawing attention away from the situation at hand.

example: Triton High School has many smart students; Sally goes to Triton High School, therefore Sally is smart.
 * Affiriming The Consequent **
 * - ** logical reverse. saying "if A then B" gets turned into "B then A"

__**Bifurcation Fallacy**__: used when a false dilemma is presented. happens when someone is forced to chose between to options when there is clearly a third, more reasonable option available. i.e. George Bush launched the war on terror claiming that people were either for or against the war when obviously the most reasonable option which was not given was to remain neutral //**- Adam Markiewicz**//

Example: (1) This coin has landed heads-up nine times in a row. Therefore: (2) It will probably land tails-up next time it is tossed.
 * Gambler's Fallacy**
 * assuming that short-term deviations from probability will be corrected in the short-term